So far we learnt that the attached pronouns can be attached either to a verb, noun or harf jarr and in the previous lesson we saw how to attach them to an ISM. Today, however, we are going to learn how to attach a pronoun to a harf jarr ( also a THARF- adverb ) and a verb and this is very easy in sha’a Allah.
As already mentioned in the previous lesson, when an attached pronoun is attached to an ISM then we have mudaf and mudaf ilayhi ( the possessive case ). But what happens, for example, if a pronoun is attached to a harf jarr or adverb or a verb?
In sha’a Allah in this lesson we will talk about what happens when the pronoun is attached to a harf jarr or to an adverb.
Attaching Pronouns to a Harf Jarr
When talking about the Attached Pronouns, we said that the Attached Pronouns are used in the case of mansoob or majroor ( and by now it should be clear what is meant by it ).
So far we only learnt how to attach pronouns to an ISM, and today in sha’a Allah we will learn how to attach them to a harf jarr.
We said in the previous lessons that the word comming after a harf jarr is an ISM and that the ISM following a harf jarr will be majroor, so therefore, when we attach a pronoun to a harf jarr then the attached pronoun in this case will be majroor. Same rule applies for the adverbs. We will mention 2 types of huroofu jarr and how to attach to them a pronoun.
Harf jarr ending with an ALIF MAQSOORAH ى or a YAA ي
Harf jarr ending with a kasrah ـــِ
Harf jarr ending with other letters than YAA or ALIF MAQSOORAH
Harf jarr ( and adverbs) ending with other letters than YAA or ALIF MAQSOORAH
It was mentioned in the last lesson how to attach a pronoun to an ISM, and attaching them to the prepositions which do not end in a YAA or alif maqsoorah, or to adverbs, is very easy. Let us look at the following examples:
This is for the third person masculine. Now let us see how it looks like with the rest of the attached pronouns:
As you can see it is very easy. One thing that must be noted is regarding the first person singular and plural here ( ORANGE COLOR ).
As you can see there is a shaddah on the NOON ن . This is because the YAA MUTAKALLIM has a sukkoon and 2 sukkoons can not come one after the other, and therefore the shaddah, and since a YAA asks for a kasrah, the MIN gets a kasrah, therefore MINNEE ( from me ).
As for the shaddah in the first person plural, this is because 2 NOONS ن come one after the other and therefore it is a doubled N sound. Therefore:
Harf jarr ending with a kasrah
In this section, we will mention 2 of the hurufu jarr which we learnt so far.
LI لِ and
BI بِ
LI لِ ( for/ belong to )
When it comes to LI, there will be a change done to this harf, which is, that LI لِ will become LA لَ , except in the first person singular. Therefore:
BI بِ ( with/ in / by )
When it comes to BI بِ , then we will not see the change as we saw with LI لِ. Rather, we will see an another change, and that is that the dammah sign on third person masculine singular, dual and plural, and third person feminine dual and plural of the attached pronouns will become a kasrah. This looks as following:
The rest of the pronouns remain the same.
NOTE: We mentioned that the attached pronouns are mabniy, and even this change does not mean that they are not mabniy, but rather this is because of easier pronunciation.
Harf jarr ending with an ALIF MAQSOORAH ى or a YAA ي
And we come to the last part of today’s lesson. This lesson is not hard in sha’a Allah and we will do our best to simplify it as much as possible. In this lesson we will talk about 3 hurufu jarr we learnt, and they are:
FEE فِي ( in )
ILAA اِلَى ( to ) and
‘ALAA عَلَى ( on/ upon )
FEE فِي ( in )
When it comes to the harf jarr FEE فِي there is the same change as with the BI بِ , and that is that the dammah on the HAA ه sound will change into a kasrah in the third person masculine singular, dual and plural, and third person feminine dual and plural. But there is also an additional change. And that is:
When a pronoun is attached to a harf jarr which ends with a YAA with sukkoon ( in this case YAA MADD – prolongation ), or if it ends with a kasrah ( as with the example of BI بِ ), then the dammah of the HAA ه will become a kasrah for pronunciation purposes ( sounds better ).
Now the question is, what is the additional change? The additional change when it comes to attaching a pronoun to a harf jarr which ends with a YAA with sukkoon occurs in the first person singular, and this is because we have 2 YAA sounds comming together, which will result in having a shaddah ( because we mentioned before that 2 sukkoons can not come one after the other) and the last letter gets a fathah.
Complicated? No, in sha’a Allah the following picture will make it easy to understand:
The rest is same as with BI بِ :
ILAA اِلَى ( to ) and ‘ALAA عَلَى ( on/ upon )
To make it easy here, when it comes to ILAA اِلَى ( to ) and ‘ALAA عَلَى ( on/ upon ), the change will happen as such that this what looks like a YAA, which is in fact called ALIF MAQSOORAH ( which is in fact a YAA, but which comes visible in situations like these ) gets a sukkoon, becoming a VISIBLE YAA, and then the pronoun is attached to them. After attaching the pronoun to this YAA with sukkoon, the same rule applies as to BI بِ and FEE فِي.
To help you to understand, we will give you the most known example of this. DO you remember how every lesson on this blog starts? : )
Of course:
السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته
Do you see it? This is what happens when we attach a pronoun to ‘ALAA عَلَى.
Let’s show it in the next picture for better understanding in sha’a Allah:
so it will be ‘ALAYKA, ‘ALAYKI, ‘ALAYYA, ‘ALAYHIM etc. And the exactly same rule applies to ILAA اِلَى ( to ).
In sha’a Allah we will learn in the next lesson about how to attach pronouns to a FI’L ( verb ). We hope in sha’a Allah that this is clear and helpful. Please learn this lesson step by step as too much information can be sometimes very confusing.
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