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Lesson 12 - The Adverbs أمام and خلف

ADVERBS خَلْفَ and أَمَامَ


The adverbs we are going to mention today are KHALFA خَلْفَ ( means BEHIND ) and AMAAMA أمَامَ ( meaning IN FRONT OF ).


Those words are adverbs, but they have the function like prepositions and they do not change. What is meant by they have a function like the prepositions is, the word that comes after them becomes majroor, it takes a kasrah or kasratayn.


We know that when we mentioned before the prepositions, we said that the noun ( which carries -U/ -UN ending ) becomes majroor, meaning it gets a kasrah or kasratayn ( two kasrahs ), with of course some exceptions, like the names Musaa, ‘Isaa etc.


NOTE: In Arabic there is 2 types of adverbs: adverbs of time and adverbs of place, and many of them have the function of prepositions, meaning that if they come before a word that the word after them takes a kasrah or kasratayn, and we already did one of them which is tahta ( underneath ).

So for example, if we ask:


Ayna Muhammadun? ( Where is Muhammad? )

أَيْنَ مُحَمَّدٌ؟


Huwa KHALFA Mahmoodin. ( He is behind Mahmood )

هُوَ خَبْفَ مَحْمُودٍ.

or


Ayna sayyaratu  al mudeeri? ( Where is the car of the principal? )

أَيْنَ سَيَّارَةُ الْمُدِيرِ؟


Hiya AMAAMA al masjidi. ( It is in front of the masjid )

هِيَ أِمَامَ المَسْجِدِ.

or


Ayna jalasa Muhammadun? ( Where did Muhammad sit? )

أَيْنَ جَبَسَ مُحَمَّدٌ؟


Jalasa khalfa Haamidin. ( He sat behind Hamid )

جَلَسَ خَلْفَ حَامِدٍ.


NOTE: There is a new verb we are learning today and this is the verb JALASA, which means ‘he sat’

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