السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
Welcome to Lesson 1 of Madinah Book 1!
There are 3 main types of words in the Arabic language:
الْاسْمُ
-which is usually translated as 'noun' but in this category falls everything that looks like a noun, as the word اسم doesn't just mean noun but it also includes the attributes, so in this category we will have personal names, pronouns etc
الْفِعْلُ
-which is simply verb, and those are words which show movement
حرف جر
-or particles such as to, from etc
To the first category AL ISM belongs a specific category of words, which are called اسماء الإشارة (nouns/words of indication) which are used to indicate at something.
These nouns of indication are of 2 types:
1. Li Al Qareeb للقريب ( indicating at something close)
2. Li Al Ba'eed للبعيد ( indicating at something far)
We must know that every ISM in the Arabic language has certain properties
There are 4 properties of every ISM:
A. Grammatical gender (I used word grammatical because a word may be feminine but it doesn't have to be a female like the word الشمس SUN), here we have feminine and masculine, and again feminine and masculine is only in grammar, it doesn't mean that just because an ISM is feminine or masculine, that the thing named is a female or male, it has nothing to do with that.
B. Number (singular 1, dual 2 and plural 3+ )
C. Definiteness ( definite like when we say 'the man' and indefinite like when we say 'a man', in the first example it's a specific person we know about)
D. Case (nominative, genitive and accusative)
The nouns of indication for singular masculine are هذا and ذلك.
هذا
is used for something or someone close, while
ذلك
is used for someone or something far.
هذا
means THIS and
ذلك
means THAT.
The nouns of indication for singular feminine are هذه and تلك.
هذه
is used for something close and
تلك
for something far. هذه means THIS and تلك means THAT
EXAMPLES:
هذا قلم و ذلك دفتر -
This is a pen and that is a notebook.
هذا مسلم و هذه مسلمة -
This is a (male) Muslim and that is a (female) Muslim/ Muslimah.
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